AP- Critical Analysis - 1040 Words

Name: Eyad Jalal Class Name: COM1102 Submission Date: 5/15.2011 I have chosen to write about the short story AP. The story takes place in 1961 in a small town of New England, which has a small grocery store named AP grocery store. The town contains very less population. From the setting, I came to a conclusion that the town was a very low maintenance town where everybody knows everybody (very tight community) with mostly old school beliefs and structures (religious beliefs, dress code, ethical values, morals). The town was visited by tourists for a very short period of time, who come to live for a while and can be said that they disturb with their own outside culture. The main character Sammy is nineteen, works or was working as†¦show more content†¦As the place was very small, even the opportunities of employment I think would be very difficult and if Sammy leaves his job for the silly reasons explained, the total life of Sammy would be in trouble along with their family and their financial status. I chose this story for the fact that the story imposes the mistake most of the people do in their life just by taking unreasonable decisions which don’t have any advantages but affects the life of the individual and sometimes their related people very badly. The mistakes can be categorized into unfortunate mistakes, but their effect shown in very near future. The mistakes done make us deny how one event leads to another and also shows the carelessness out actions are while doing things. The story ends by making Sammy realise of how his life will change after his unreasonable decisions taken with no thought imposed on the decisions. The story tells a moral that â€Å"the decisions taken with stupid reasons may not have immediate results but will have huge effect on life in near future†. The moral is very near to the butterfly effect, which explains that hurricanes are in even possible far away from where the butterfly flaps its wings. We can only hope that Sammy never repeats his mistakes he made on this day knowing nothing of what would happen if he does it for the women he doesn’t evenShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis of PG’s Chinese Competitiveness6349 Words   |  26 PagesIntroduction 1 2.0 Pamp;G’s Competitive Operation in China 2 3.0 Pamp;G’s Competitive Position in Markets 6 3.1 Using Porter’s five forces model 6 3.2 SWOT analysis 8 3.3 Strategic group Analysis 8 4.0 Cross-Cultural Management 9 4.1 Hofstede framework 9 4.2 Trompenaars cultural dimensions 11 4.3 Edward Hall cultural dimensions 12 5.0 Corporate Social Responsibility of Pamp;G 13 5.1 Triple bottom line of Pamp;G’s CSR 13 5.2 Carolls pyramid of Pamp;G’s CSR 14 5.3Read MoreCase 38 : A Solution For Adverse Impact937 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the company’s formula to comprehend where the problem is occurring. Per the case study, â€Å"Bob Santos was a personnel specialist for the agency and had been employed with the staffing division for almost three years† (Nkomo, Fottler McAfee. 2011, p. 118). He was extremely efficient at keeping up to date on the latest discrimination laws and regulations. Recently, Santos had attended a seminar that talk about the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures. The current staffing proceduresRead MoreRisk Management Within Homeland Security Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesdisaster resiliency (Department of Homeland, 2012, p.2). The concept of risk is inherent to varying degrees in each of these missions. In order to achieve the subordinate goals and objectives associated with each mission, risk management is utilized by DHS to assess subjects such as threats, vulnerabilities, asset criticality, and budgetary matters. Thus, risk management is an essential component in DHS activities such as terrorism prevention, critical infrastructure protection, and resource allocationRead MoreThe Organization Chosen For Evaluation And Analysis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe organization chosen for evaluation and analysis is Five Below, Inc. This organization has five hundred stores in thirty-two states and open eight five more stores starting May of 2016, along with the seventy stores that opened in 2015. David Schlessinger and Tom Vellios founded Five Below, Inc. Mr. Schlessinger created and founded Zany Brainy and Encore books prior to creating Five Below, Inc. with Mr. Vellios, the prior CEO of Zany Brainy. Five Below, Inc. was founded in 2002 and its first storeRead MoreThe Future of Potential Energy Sources633 Words   |  3 Pagesgrowing. It is imperative that available information on Department of Energy DOE, lands and solar and wind renewable energy resou rces are gathered. This should be followed with appropriate screens for GIS analysis (Dahle, Elliot, Heimiller, Mehos, Robichaud, Schwartz, Stafford, and Walker, 2008, p.23). Finally, data identifying Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management, DOE LM sites with potential for renewable energy development should be processed. One way of understanding a sites renewableRead MoreImproving The New Online System Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesonline system in regards to receiving and accessing roster shifts via smartphone app. The first section of the proposal will explain the importance of research and critical thinking followed by understanding the characteristics of the research report that include research design, research methodologies, research methods, unit of analysis and research type. Moreover, it also briefly explains the ethics involved in conducting research. The second part of the proposal looks at the research design inRead MoreCritical Theory, Functionalism And Sym bolic Interactionism Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesthree major theories; critical theory, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These theories express the structure of society in which each theory looks at a different aspects of sociology. Sociologists apply these theories in the study of society, but it becomes difficult if only one theory is applied. For that one applied theory, would only look at the aspect to which it is confined to. To successfully study sociology all three theories must be applied together. Critical theory was founded byRead MoreMargaret Ledwith s Community Development : A Critical Approach1506 Words   |  7 PagesBook review Ledwith, Margaret, Community Development: A Critical Approach, Bristol: The Policy Press. 2011, 226 p. The second edition of Margaret Ledwith’s Community Development: A Critical Approach offers a precarious and searching review of community activism and theory. It is positioned in the contemporary era of global, economic, social, and environmental crisis. Ledwith’s study is relevant in the time of accelerated world crises of social justice and environmental sustainability, and her intentRead MoreEssay On Native American Indians1116 Words   |  5 Pages which helped identify which type of test was suitable for analyzing and testing the data. By look at the opposition to the demographics of participants, I categorized and predicted an answer which is a larger population through a thorough data analysis. Then the software was utilized to properly calculating the significant correlations between the variables and displayed them in tables and graphs to communicate the data via a visualize means. The possibility of connections between the variousRead MoreJob Analysis For T he Hr Manager Position1203 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific job analysis procedure that I would utilize to develop the job description for the HR manager position. To begin, the definition of a job analysis provided in our textbook is: â€Å"Job analysis is the systematic process of collecting information that identifies similarities and differences in the work.† (Milkovich, Newman, Gerhart, 2014, p. 103). I also found a definition on HR-Guide.com that summarize an important description of the job analysis. The website states; â€Å"Job Analysis is a process

The Confessions of Nat Turner Essay - 914 Words

The Confessions of Nat Turner Throughout history people have published articles and books in order to sway the public to their side. Rulers such as Stalin and Mao used propaganda to keep themselves in power; people such as Thomas Paine used articles in order to start revolution. Thomas R. Gray, author of The Confessions of Nat Turner, had that power when he interviewed Turner. Although The Confessions of Nat Turner is supposedly the words of Turner himself, we have no way to confirm that Gray did not show the information in order to gain greater benefit from it. It is known that the interviewer, Thomas R. Gray, was struggling financially. It is possible that he embellished the story in order to†¦show more content†¦It is more likely that Gray just jotted down notes, bits and pieces, of what Turner actually conveyed to him. After the interview, when Gray was writing the final article for publishing, he put it in words that Turner did not actually say. For example, As we approached the house we discovered Mr. Richard Whitehead standing in the cotton patch, near the lane fence; we called him over into the lane, and Will, the executioner, was near at hand, with his fatal axe, to send him to an untimely grave.[1] It is unlikely that Turner used those exact words. Turner taught himself how to read and write. He might have had an extensive vocabulary but it is unlikely that he used those exact words. It is more likely that when Gray was filling in the empty spots he did so in his own words, and even sometimes with vocabulary that made Turner into a mad genius. Gray most likely did this so that it would increase the shock value of the story; a better story made for a greater audience, hence more money. Another possibility is that Gray might have changed the interview in order to get the reading public to adhere to his views on African Americans. Gray was known to have had many slaves at one time in his life. He foundShow MoreRelatedJoseph R Gray s Confessions Of Nat Turner1320 Words   |  6 Pages Nat Turner is the story of slavery and the horrors that led Turner to lead one of the bloodiest slave revolts of the time. It is told vividly through wordless images and occasional confession excerpts from Thomas R Gray’s book â€Å"Confessions of Nat Turner†. We learn and experience slavery and Turner’s tumultuous life story as he retells it in his confession to Thomas R. Gray. We learn about how Africans were hunted, shackled, branded, and transported in rat-infested ships; how they were humiliatedRead MoreNat Turner a Slave Rebellion Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pageslife saying in my presence, I was intended for some great purpose (Nat turner, Brainyqoute.com)†. From the very beginning Nat Turner knew that he was meant to do something great. On the day of October 2, 1800 the famous Nat turner was born to Nancy Turner his father an unknown slave. Turner grew up with the thought that his father was an escaped slave and was coming back when he got the mone y to retrieve him and his mother. Nat turner grew up and lived his life in Southampton County, Virginia. TheRead MoreAfrican Americans : African American And A Writer952 Words   |  4 Pagesreading their writings were Nat Turner and Malcolm X. The purpose of writing this paper is to compare and contrast Nat Turner and Malcolm X of what I have learned from their writings and as well reliable information that I will be researching and gathering to show the similarities and differences among these African-American authors. In order for me to compare and contrast these two authors I first need to identify them, in which I’ll be starting off with Nat Turner. Nat Turner is an African-AmericanRead MoreThe Demise Of Nat Turner s Rebellion895 Words   |  4 PagesNat Turner’s rebellion has been considered one of the bloodiest slave revolt in Southern history, and had a huge impact on the futures of Southern generations for years after. In Nat Turner’s confessions he states â€Å"You have asked me to give a history of the motives which induced me to undertake the late insurrection, as you call it--To do so I must go back to the days of my infancy, and even before I was born. I was thirty-one years of age the 2d of October last, and born the property of BenjaminRead MoreThe Fires of Jubilee: How Reliable is It? Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fires of Jubilee, by Stephen B. Oates, tells an account of Nat Turner’s rebellion. Beginning with Nat’s early life and finally ending with the legacy his execution left the world, Oates paints a historical rending of those fateful days. The Confessions of Nat Turner by Thomas R. Gray and approved by Nat himself is among Oates’ chief sources. Oates is known as a reputable historian through his other works, and has strong credentials however, in the case of The Fires of Jubilee there are someRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On Society1595 Words   |  7 PagesWith Nat Turner and the Southampton Rebellion, the event could be put into two different perspectives. In the whites and slave owners bias perspective, Turner and the rebellion pushed history into the wrong direction. It impacted the slaves afterwards in a negative aspect. Not only did slave owners became more alert, strict on the slaves, so something like this would not occur again. The State and federal troops abused and killed two hundred innocent slaves that had nothing to do with Turner and hisRead MoreReasons for Plotting and Carrying Out a Rebellion1478 Words   |  6 Pagesaccounts, which reflect the views of those who feared and hated Nat Turner, very little is known about his life or his reasons for plotting and carrying out a rebellion. One possible exception was the Confessions of Nat Turner, written down by the attorney Thomas R. Gray after he interviewed Turner in jail. Recent scholarship has demonstrated that Gray was the disinherited son of a wealthy father who may well have secretly sympathized with Turner on some level. Turners rebellion began with seven men whoRead MoreThe American Voice Research Paper976 Words   |  4 PagesEng 201A 01 December 2015 American Voice Research Paper Born into slavery, rebel Nat Turner an abolitionist was born on October 2, 1800 on the Virginia plantation of Benjamin Turner. When he was a young child, his ambition combined with his intelligence led him to great purposes and to meet great people. Turner ran away in 1821 from his master soon returning because of spiritual voice. These visions Nat has shows that he is a rebel, leader, and also a slave thriving to succeed his goal. HeRead MoreNat Turner Rebellion Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesslave owners probably felt like they had enough control over their slaves. This way of thinking was completely changed by Nat Turner’s rebellion. This violent slave revolt showed people what slaves were really capable of. White southerners saw how slaves were smart enough to organize and plan a resistance and because they were getting tired of being oppressed. Even though Nat Turner’s rebellion was considered unsuccessful being that it was shut down in a matter of days, it was successful in thatRead MoreMaking The Dream Of A King Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesDream of a â€Å"King† Ameliorate Life: Nat Turner Nat Turner was born into slavery. Nat Turner, according to www.biblography.com) was born on October 2nd,1800. He was born in Southampton County, Virginia. Kyle Baker wrote a graphic novel called Nat Turner. According to (http://www.merriam-webster.com) a graphic novel is â€Å"a fictional story presented in comic-strip format and published as a book.† He was born on the Virginia plantation of Benjamin Turner. Benjamin Turner allowed him to be instructed in

Poster, logo and business wallet Essay Example For Students

Poster, logo and business wallet Essay he purpose of a prospectus is to inform people of a business. I have been asked to create a business of my own choice and to produce the following: a brochure, a letterhead, a poster, a logo, a business wallet, and a business card. I hope I can achieve making all the above successfully using Microsoft Publisher. I will need to use Microsoft Publisher for all these tasks. My chosen target audience is people of all ages. Design: I have chosen a picture of a CD, from Microsoft Publisher clip art, for my logo with my business name- P K Music written in chiller style font below the picture of a CD. For my letterhead I have used a template from Microsoft Publisher. I will have my address, phone number, website address and e-mail; address at the top right-hand corner. My logo, which I created in Microsoft Publisher, will be on the top left-hand corner whilst my name and signature is on the bottom right-hand corner. I will be using a border of musical notes from a selection on Microsoft Publisher. For my poster, I will have my logo on the left-hand side, whilst examples of the products I will be selling will be on the right side of the poster. For my business card, I will have my logo, company name and my name on the left, whilst the company address, phone number and e-mail address are on the right-hand side. For the front page of my business wallet, I have a tilt style border, my new logo at the top, P K Music written underneath, and my name at the bottom, whilst on the back, I have the phone and fax numbers, e-mail and website addresses, central at the bottom. For my brochure, I have used a tilt theme. Implementation; I have changed my logo to an orange CD, also obtained from Microsoft Publisher clip art that I have re-coloured using Microsoft paint. With P K Music written around the CD. To achieve the writing, I used Microsoft Word Art, changed it into a circular shape to fit around the middle of the CD. For my letterhead, I placed my new logo in the top right-hand corner, my name in the bottom right-hand corner and my company address, phone and fax numbers, e-mail address and website address all in the top left-hand corner. There is a tilt style border, from a selection on Microsoft Publisher, around the letterhead. For my opening sale poster, I will have my new logo in the centre of the top half, P K Music opening sale written at the top in chiller style font, and my special offers below my logo written in yellow. For my new business card, I have only changed my logo, from my old one to my new one. I have not changed anything on both my brochure and business wallet because I had changed my logo before I made my brochure and business wallet. Evaluation; I think that I have completed all the tasks successfully and have a purple and pink tilt style border theme running throughout most of my work. I carried out many changes throughout the project to achieve a suitable style for my target audience. I think I have spent my time well.

Written play Essay Example For Students

Written play Essay Guns also have a role in building up the tension in the play. It starts of with the children pretending to use guns as children playing cowboys and Indians and progressing to the actual weapon, which is eventually the cause of their deaths. This, partnered with the other tension raising techniques, really helps for an extremely climatic finish.  I was very impressed with the way I saw the characters played when I went to see Blood Brothers performed at the Phoenix Theatre in London. Even though they used the same actors to play the characters over a period of around 30 years I had no trouble seeing a grown man play a young adolescent boy. We will write a custom essay on Written play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, when Mickey was being played as a small child the actor did several things to make the audience feel comfortable with him as a toddler. His body language was very flamboyant, energetic and fidgety and his pronunciation of words was very lazy and clumsy. All the rest of his movements, gestures etc. were very exaggerated and defined. As Mickeys character grew older his body language seemed to calm down and the way he spoke became more controlled and confident. The way the actors continually had to change the behaviour of their character to suit their age must have been very challenging, but it is very effective allowing the audience to feel they know the characters better, that they have seen them grow up in the true sense. Seeing their remarkable performances made me now approach each character I come across in my drama in a different way and has really improved my performances. The Orchestra and music really helped with my understanding of the play and the upbeat, fast pace of Blood Brothers is perfect for a composer to work his magic on. The music brought the play to life and really turned up the heat during tense and dramatic moments giving the play real atmosphere and pulling you to the edge of your seat in the audience. A perfect example of this is when excitement is created by the sounds of a heartbeat rising to a crescendo. Throughout the play the Orchestra was constantly slightly visible on stage and I was curious as to why this was, so I did some research to see if it had any significance to the play. This technique of a visible Orchestra has been used in the Theatre for many years and is there to constantly remind the audience that they are watching a play. I can definitely see why Russell chose to use this technique. Blood Brothers touches some rather spooky subjects like fate and superstition and with the play being so easy to relate to as it is local, modern and very cleverly written the audience could get overly wrapped up in the spiritual side of the play. Russell showing us the end of the play as an opening sequence is an ingenious idea. It leaves so many questions open in your mind before the play has even begun; this way the tension is automatically very high when the play starts. The audience is instantly hooked when they learn the two main characters die before they have even been introduced to them leaves the audience anticipating throughout the whole play. They want to know how it was that twin brothers died on the same day at the same time? What circumstances befell them and brought them to this? How is the mother to blame? And the list goes on. Blood Brothers is a fantastically well written play; Willy Russell really knows how to sustain an audiences attention and keep them captivated. This play really involves the audience with the characters due to the effectiveness of Russells writing and the direction of the play and we find it very easy to empathise with the emotions experienced by the characters, which makes us care about what happens to them. Russell and Blood Brothers are highly successful at building up dramatic tension and the ending is both shocking and thought provoking.

Walt Disney free essay sample

Company want to venture into the global markets with its theme parks? More companies are moving from the traditional strategy of doing business inside their own borders, to a global strategy (Ferrell, Hirt, Ferrell, 2009). Walt Disney has experienced great success with its theme parks in California and Florida. By 1990, Disneyland and Disneyworld were attracting 2. 7 million international visitors a year (Greenhouse, 1991). Due to their success in the United States, this was a good reason to venture into the global markets with its theme parks. What troubles has the company had to overcome in opening theme parks outside of the US home based? Walt Disney faced many challenges when entering the global market. In the case of Euro Disney, initially Disney’s management failed in the aspects considering the lack of cultural awareness, misunderstanding the French laws and the traditions/habits of the French people. Disney planning for Euro Disney was driven by their success experienced in the United States and Japan therefore never made the necessary adjustments when moving into a different country and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Disney or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What steps might Disney take to ensure better success with a future Chinese theme park location? Disney has gained some insight from its mistakes with Euro Disney, as it sought to make its new Disney Studios park and Disneyland Hong Kong less extravagant and more in tune with the local culture. It now sees itself as a company â€Å"dedicated to change, employee empowerment and cultural respect and appreciation† (Packman Casmir, 1999). However, it still needs to be extremely careful to analyze all parts of the market by researching the Chinese culture, laws, and tradition.

Free Essays on Johnny Rotten

The True Tale of Johhny Rotten Together they were legendary, revolutionary. They were among the first of their generation to publically vocalize a resistance to England’s head figure with lyrics like: â€Å"God bless the Queen and her fascist regime,† thus sparking a widespread underground rise of anarachy in England and on to the United States. They were among the first to utilize a raw and rebellious form of rock, later coined â€Å"punk rock.† They were the Sex Pistols. Together they were invincible. Each member feeling shunned by society, channeled their anger and hostility through a music that pushed societal boundries and most defintely questioned authority. While the Pistols were known for their cocky attitudes and and self-righteous behavior, each member (all four orginally named John) had their own personalities. John Lydon, who went by the moniker â€Å"Johnny Rotten,† was actually shy and introvertive. John Simon Richie, â€Å"Sid Vicious,† was quite the opposite. Never really knowing who he was (or never really bothering to discover) Simon Ritchie decided to take on the role of Sid, and the Sex Pistols’s bad-boy rebellious image became his identity. When the Pistols formed, Sid took the vocals and inevitably volunteered (without consent of the other members) to front the band. His outgoing, in-your-face approach to press and public, as well as his trashy attention-seeking girlfriend â€Å"Nancy,† put Sid in the spotlight and on the cover of nearly every fan-zine or tabloid about the Sex Pistols. It appeared as though Johhny Rotten was Sid’s sidekick, but behind the scenes, Lydon began resenting the fact that Sid took all the credit for the Pistols. Each member had their own creative rebellion to contribute to the dynamic of the band, but no other member got the recognition they deserved. This is Lydon’s story. This is his time to uncover the multifaced truth about that lies behind a slanted facade that everyone t... Free Essays on Johnny Rotten Free Essays on Johnny Rotten The True Tale of Johhny Rotten Together they were legendary, revolutionary. They were among the first of their generation to publically vocalize a resistance to England’s head figure with lyrics like: â€Å"God bless the Queen and her fascist regime,† thus sparking a widespread underground rise of anarachy in England and on to the United States. They were among the first to utilize a raw and rebellious form of rock, later coined â€Å"punk rock.† They were the Sex Pistols. Together they were invincible. Each member feeling shunned by society, channeled their anger and hostility through a music that pushed societal boundries and most defintely questioned authority. While the Pistols were known for their cocky attitudes and and self-righteous behavior, each member (all four orginally named John) had their own personalities. John Lydon, who went by the moniker â€Å"Johnny Rotten,† was actually shy and introvertive. John Simon Richie, â€Å"Sid Vicious,† was quite the opposite. Never really knowing who he was (or never really bothering to discover) Simon Ritchie decided to take on the role of Sid, and the Sex Pistols’s bad-boy rebellious image became his identity. When the Pistols formed, Sid took the vocals and inevitably volunteered (without consent of the other members) to front the band. His outgoing, in-your-face approach to press and public, as well as his trashy attention-seeking girlfriend â€Å"Nancy,† put Sid in the spotlight and on the cover of nearly every fan-zine or tabloid about the Sex Pistols. It appeared as though Johhny Rotten was Sid’s sidekick, but behind the scenes, Lydon began resenting the fact that Sid took all the credit for the Pistols. Each member had their own creative rebellion to contribute to the dynamic of the band, but no other member got the recognition they deserved. This is Lydon’s story. This is his time to uncover the multifaced truth about that lies behind a slanted facade that everyone t...

Nestl's ERP Odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nestl's ERP Odyssey - Essay Example They chose to use part of the new program as Y2K code fixes, thus adding a deadline. Then they went on to set an arbitrary date for completion of the whole project. They did not inform managers of what was happening. They did not assess how the project was going, once it was under way. It is hard for me to think of any more ways they could have doomed their own project from the start! They really had it all covered! First, the Swiss company assembled a team of executives from the various departments: finance, purchasing, etc. The article refers to them as "the key stakeholders" (The Proposal section, para. 1). These people devised their plan to reshape the worldwide corporation in its every facet, business systems and computer systems. The problem with that was they did not include anyone who was actually using the current system. The key stakeholders had many lofty plans, but no real way to make it happen and lacked the knowledge needed to do so. Next, the stakeholders decided that, since Y2K was looming, they would include code fixes in the first part of the rollout. This rushed the huge undertaking. Because they were in such a hurry, they forgot, or overlooked, the fact that their systems needed to be integrated with each other so all the departments could communicate. Sales, for instance, could not communicate discounts to the billing department that they had promised certain customers. The stakeholders set an arbitrary end date for the whole project. With a snap of the fingers, it would be done! If only things worked that way. They should have developed a detailed implementation plan, figured out how long each phase would take, then projected an end date that could be fluid depending upon how things went. I think this part of the fiasco stems, in part, from failure to involve people who were using the old system in the planning, and partly from being caught up in those lofty ideas of remaking the company. Once they had their plan and decided what types of software to purchase and from whom, the stakeholders failed to let manager in on it. Managers that are left out of the loop are not happy managers. They were not cooperative and, in fact would have been unable to cooperate if they had wanted to, since they did not know what the plan was or how it would be implemented. I can only imagine how the workers below management level felt. I am sure there was enough anger and confusion for everyone. The employee turnover rate skyrocketed. Finally, the stakeholders made no plan to assess the huge project once it was in progress. They totally missed needed adjustments to their plan, apparently thinking it was perfect from the start. There were rollout date issues, training issues, and budgetary issues. In summary, I think these very important people, with a very important idea to reshape the company, concentrated so hard on their plan that they forgot to use the most valuable company asset of all: their employees. The people who do the day-to-day work of the company, the ones that know how to make the business hum, were entirely left out. The stakeholders had their heads so high in the clouds that they could not see that their feet were not touching the ground. Once the company put someone in charge who had a grip on reality, a touch of humility, and a practical vision of how the whole should work, things started to turn around. It seems ridiculous to me that the stakeholders did not include the people who worked for

The Role of Media in National and International Development Essay

The Role of Media in National and International Development - Essay Example This essay stresses that the role of media in national and international development is best described in relation to the community development theories. The community development theories give a guideline on the practicability of the community development plan. They also analyse various aspects of development such as the forms and processes it takes. Some of the most common community development theories include the diffusion theory, the decentralisation theory, group development theory, group behaviour theory and the growth pole theory among others. This paper makes a conclusion that the contribution of the media to the national and international development cannot be underestimated. An active and unbiased media is needed so as to maintain democracy, good leadership and equality in a country. It helps educate, inform, sensitise and mobilise the public among other functions. By carrying out the above functions, the media facilitates growth and development. National development is achieved through the positive change in the social, political and economic sectors of a country. On the other hand, international development is achieved thorough the creation of a developed world community. The dissemination of information portraying a positive image of the whole world has been the key factor in community development. The theory of community development helps in determining and understanding the role of media in development. The theories have been conceptualised to guide the implementers of policies focused to national and international development.

A Stereotypical Teenager Essay Example for Free

A Stereotypical Teenager Essay Loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good†¦ these are just a few of a wide number of stereotypes that are attributed to American teenagers. What is it about teenagers that make the rest of society seem to turn against them? I believe that there are many misconceptions about teenagers. Many people in different generations sincerely believe that all teenagers are up to no good, and are guaranteed trouble no matter where they are. I am not arguing that teenagers like that don’t exist, because there are plenty of them out there, but it bothers me that one type of teenager has been able to spoil the image of all other teenagers. Personally I think that these stereotypes apply more to me because I am a male. In addition to being a male teenager, I also have noticed that people think negatively of me because I wear a longer hair style than what is typically expected in society. Some people grow long hair to show rebellion, or to be unique, but I wouldn’t classify myself into either of those categories, I simply enjoy having it more than short hair. But because of that, many members of society link certain stereotypes of male teenagers to me because I show long hair. I could be considered many different things including: rebellious, troubled, angry, arrogant, or any other sort of stereotype out there. How could anyone possibly claim to know all of these false accusations simply based on my age, and my gender? At times it can be bothersome when people take certain precautions around teenagers, because they believe that we are all reckless, and dangerous. Parents will cross to the opposite side of the street with their kids, people clear sidewalks when walking, other drivers tense up on the road, and all while this is happening, other people will keep one eye carefully watching, just to make sure that all of the rotten teenagers don’t do anything dangerous. I sometimes think that people see me and other teenagers as giant, shiny explosives that are about to detonate, so everyone else needs to distance themselves as much and as quickly as possible. Just because a teenager happens to be walking around outside, that should in no way trigger a response where people feel that it isn’t safe to be near  teenagers. Although it does bother me, I can also see a point of view where I would do the same thing. If I saw someone outside that looked a little bit off-beat to me, I would most likely go a different path as well. However, that raises the question, why does society take in all of these stereotypes and live all of their lives believing false statements? All of it is ridiculous I believe. Anyone that knows me will be able to explain that I am the exact opposite of a stereotypical teenager, so no one should need to take precautions if they see me out somewhere. A stereotypical teenager would most likely be thought of being connected to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in some way, shape, or form; I on the other hand do not do any of those things, and am strongly against them. Because I do not consider myself anywhere close to a stereotypical teenager, it does bother me when people mistake me for doing those types of activities. All of these common stereotypes don’t do any good for the people who actually work hard, and try to do something with their lives. For many people, stereotyping does more than just become a bothersome hassle. For a handful of teenagers, the effect of stereotyping makes them feel pressured into behaving like a stereotypical teenager. For example, some people do drugs and alcohol because they are expected to by society’s stereotypes, so someone may think, â€Å"Oh, I am a teenager now, I guess because other people are drinking then I have to as well.† I don’t even see peer pressure as that much of an issue here, people tend to start drinking or doing drugs voluntarily; more often than not, there isn’t peer pressure that is forcing them into doing something. And that creates an entire roundabout of madness. To simplify this; many people start acting like stereotypical teenagers, because they feel that they need to in order to be a â€Å"normal† teenager. But that in turn makes society cast out teenagers, when it is actually those same members of society who created these stereotypes for teenagers to follow. In reality, there are several statistics that illustrate a decline in teenage drug abuse, alcoholism, and teenage pregnancy, yet stereotypes still exist (Poole). Are all teenagers loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good? Obviously not, there is no way that every single teenager in the world  could fit that description. And yet, society still labels every teenager in the world by a description very similar to that. The few teenagers that live a life similar to that have managed to destroy the image of every teenager that happens to be a good kid. It seems that hardworking, determined, and honest teenagers don’t have a place in the world anymore. They are out there, and ready to be noticed, but the rest of society has chosen to view them in the same manner as the bad crowds that exist in the teenage population. Quite strange, that the model teenager that is acceptable in society is not taken seriously. Why does society view superior teenagers that way? It is not only teenagers; it is everybody in the world. No person will ever be right in prejudicing someone, no matter who they are.

Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling | Analysis

Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling | Analysis In J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, the protagonist, Harry, is todays modern hero. It is noticeably apparent that Harry is a hero, using the guideline, the Heros Journey developed by Joseph Campbell in his novel, The Hero With a Thousand Faces. In Campbells book, he breaks down multiple heros tales, from mythological and modern times (from Odysseus to Luke Skywalker), into certain steps that each hero takes throughout their journey. I will be following Harrys tale, in relation to Odysseus tale as told by Edith Hamilton in her text, Mythology, to show Harry as a hero, just as Campbell proved Odysseus. The story of Harry Potter is the common story of good vs. evil, with the good and evil in the story being blatantly obvious. Voldemort, Harrys adversary, intends to kill Harry because, as their prophecy, another element of mythology, foretold, neither can live while the other survives. However, when good meets evil (Harry meets Voldemort) in the novel, good prevails bo th times; which is a very clichà © concept. The need to find acceptance and a place where he belongs is a driving force for Harry. He has come to the realization that he is different, and that theres a possibility that there are people like him somewhere else in the world. However, he doesnt know just yet that he really doesnt belong in the muggle world; let alone that there are even other worlds beyond his own. The world of magic, a world that is filled with mythological archetypes, creatures, and the oddest of people will finally be the place that Harry feels at home (because at once, it was his home). This essay will asses the claim that the Harry Potter novels, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone in particular, have archetypes that are common to Greek Mythology, exclusively Odysseus tale, along with the use of other literary devices to prove that modern literature surely has not become obsolete over the years. It will do so firstly by following the use of the Heros Journey in both novels, and secondly by making a comparat ive analysis, based on these observations, in order to be able to give an answer to the research question. III. Harry Potter as a common mythological hero, in relation to Odysseus The fictional character, Harry Potter, from J. K. Rowlings novel, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, follows one of the common archetypes found in Mythology, The Heros Journey. This archetype was discovered and sorted out by Joseph Campbell in his novel, The Hero With A Thousand Faces. The Journey consists of three major parts and seventeen sub-sections within the three major ones. The three major ones are, The Departure, The Initiation, and The Return.  [1]   In Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone, Harrys journey starts with the major point, The Departure with his call to adventure; when he gets his letter of acceptance to Hogwarts School of Wizardry. He then refuses this call when he tells Hagrid, I think you must have made a mistake. I dont think I can be a wizard.  [2]  He receives supernatural aid from Hagrid, who is really just an extension of Dumbledore, the predetermined caretaker of Harry Potter when Harrys parents died. The death of Harrys parents actually becomes a symbol and extended metaphor. His mothers love becomes a form of protection for him, because she sacrificed herself for Harry, out of love; the same love that continues to protect Harry throughout the novel. Harry crosses the first threshold when he enters Diagon Alley for the first time.  [3]  Diagon Alley is considered the root of the wizardry world, this is where every wizard keeps their money, buys the necessities for wizarding, and where everything that is associated with wizards is found. The Belly of the Whale stage is often seen as the initiation into the new world.  [4]  Harrys initiation is when he first enters Hogwarts and is sorted into Gryffindor, one of the four houses at Hogwarts.  [5]  In Harrys overall Journey, Harry learns the entire prophecy. This new knowledge transforms Harrys identity so that he now sees himself as a marked man; he feels separate and apart from the rest of Hogwarts (or the rest of the world, for that matter), and most importantly, it makes him fully committed to the goal of defeating Voldemort. This is the most important step because it shows that the character is willing to undergo a metamorphosis, to die for the greater cause, so its expected that Harrys character will evolve in a significant, positive way because of this step. The next major point, Initiation, starts with Harrys road of trials. However, Harrys trials arent in order with the steps of the heros journey, theyre closer to the end of the novel. Harrys trials are the enchantments that are guarding the Philosophers Stone. These consist of, Fluffy, the three-headed dog  [6]  (another mythological archetype that will be discussed later in this essay), the Devils Snare, deathly vines that constrict like boa constrictors around its captors  [7]  , which is symbolic for the hardships that Harry has been and will be going through in the future. Others include enchanted keys intended to kill anything that attempts to disrupt their purpose of guarding a door, and finally a life-size Wizards Chess board in which Harry and his two friends were to become actual players in.  [8]   There are three transformative events that are the possible culmination of the heros journey. These are Meeting with the Goddess, Atonement with the Father and Apotheosis. For Harry, who is raised in the absence of love, love is his life goal. The Goddess guides Harry and provides him the means for success in his trials. In a sense, all women comprise the Goddess they inherently represent Life and Death simultaneously. Some may clearly take on the shadow side of the Goddess as represented in the Temptress model, while others may have both elements of light and shadow. Several women portrayed in this novel have specific attributes of the Goddess. These characterizations may focus on the romantic aspect, but there is also the motherly and sisterly perspective of this motif that needs to be considered. While all women are goddesses; the hero has but one Goddess to be found. She is his reflection, his complement, apparent opposite yet unified with his soul. As mother, Lily Potter sacrificed her life to Voldemort for love of Harry.  [9]  He owes his existence to Lily not only for birth, but also for her ongoing protection from Voldemort. Harry was cursed with a scar the day his parents died and his life was spared, from the protection of his mothers love. The scar burns every time Voldemort is nearby because of the connection the scar has to its creator. The scar could also be burning as a warning from his mother because her love is Harrys protection. As a sister, in spirit, Hermione poses as the goddess in each adventure or trial. Hermione is the knowledgeable one out of Harry and his two friends, Hermione and Ron. Hermione guides Harry with her knowledge; for example, she was the only of the three that knew how to ward off the constricting vines of Devils Snare.  [10]   Harry Potter is a boy with many fathers the biological father of course is James Potter; the father of memory is Vernon Dursley; the protector is Albus Dumbledore; and the demon who created Harrys destiny is Lord Voldemort. There many are other men cast in the father archetype within the series, as well. James is perceived as being exceptional at everything, much like his son, Harry. He gave his life fighting Voldemort and in protecting his wife and son under attack. James is Harrys ideal the perfect and unattainable father. Albus Dumbledore is Harrys protector, the keeper of the prophecy, the wielder of old magic based in love, the enchanter of the Dursley home, the keeper of the Order, and the master of Harrys education. Dumbledore is the archetype of the Wise Old Man who seems to know what Harry is thinking even before Harry can formulate his thoughts. Dumbledore appears to have command of both space and time. He also demonstrates superior insight and a higher state of conscious ness. Dumbledore has a transcendent authority that is obeyed by both good and dark wizards, the latter complying despite individual will and verbal commentary. Dumbledore unveils Harrys powers gradually, emphasizing repeatedly that his greatest power is love. To apotheosize is to deify. When someone dies a physical death, or dies to the self to live in spirit, he or she moves beyond the pairs of opposites to a state of divine knowledge, love, compassion and bliss. This is a god-like state; the person is in heaven and beyond all strife. A more mundane way of looking at this step is that it is a period of rest, peace and fulfillment before the hero begins the return. Harry has been known by the magical world to be the savior of the world since he was an infant. That belief diminished greatly after he was viewed to be a very real adolescent instead of the mere stuff of legends. Harry, however, knows nothing of the enlightened state in fact, Harry believes that actions of others were the basis for his survival rather than any power that he possessed. There are several possible events where Harry Potter can achieve recognition of his true ability. The first may be identification as Dumbledores peer in wizardry where Harry becomes the greates t of all wizards. There is a substantial power that Harry must still discover for this to take place perhaps in how to wield that greatest power found in the Department of Mysteries love. Another possibility is an encounter with Voldemort to overcome, or at least balance, his dark nature. Voldemort has spent lifetimes contriving means to cheat death, yet never comprehending the value or meaning of life. Conversely, Dumbledore is the reigning Bodhisattva who has conquered death (in terms of being the greatest wizard), but chooses to stay in the world until it is saved. This burden appears to be taking its toll on him even as his protà ©gà © Harry nears maturity. The ultimate boon is the achievement of the goal of the quest. It is what the person went on the journey to get. All the previous steps serve to prepare and purify the person for this step; since in many myths the boon is something transcendent like the elixir of life itself, or a plant that supplies immortality, or the holy grail. The ultimate boon found in Harry Potter, is when Harry enters the room with the Mirror of Erised, a mirror that shows the viewer what they desire more than life itself. Once in this room, Harry is confronted with one of his professors, Professor Quirrell. However, as the events in the room progress, we discover that Lord Voldemort is using Professor Quirrell as a source for life. Therefore, in a sense, Voldemort is a leech. The reason Harry entered the room in the first place was to retrieve the philosophers stone, a stone that provides the holder eternal life. Harry perceived that Professor Snape was the one after the stone, and was surprised to see Quirr ell there. Harry quarreled with Voldemort/Quirrell for possession of the stone and reigned victorious.  [11]  The triumph over Voldemort is what makes the connection between Harry and his biological father, James. Just as his father did, he succeeds with whatever he sets his mind to. Which is a very clichà © concept, but a valid concept often found in works of literature that follow the heros journey. The final step in the Heros Journey is The Return. The first subsection of this step is the Heros refusal to return. This is seen when Harry realizes that he will have to return to the Muggle World, the world hes always despised; even more now that hes finally found the world (home) where he belongs. The yearn to stay in the Wizardry World is what allows his hatred for the Muggle World to grow, which causes problems for him in the following novels. The refusal is followed by the Magical Flight, in which the hero has to get away with whatever object he has retrieved. In Harry Potter, he doesnt actually get away with his object. Instead, he receives an ancient cloak of invisibility that belonged to his father; which symbolizes his powerful object. The succeeding section of the Return is the Rescue from Without. This is characterized in the novel after Harry has defeated Voldemort, and is in the infirmary; when he awakes Dumbledore is standing in front of him. Dumbledore symbolizes the guide or rescuer for Harry in the situation because Harry was badly injured and was, in a sense, brought back to life by Dumbledore. Next is the Crossing of the Return Threshold. In the novel, this is shown when Harry is boarding the Platform 9 ¾ train; Hagrid tells Harry to remember that his family, the Dursleys know that he is a wizard, and that he can use that to his advantage. This leads the reader to believe that Hagrid is alluding to Harry using his wizarding skills as a threat to make his life at Privet Drive more favorable. Harry becomes the Master of the Two Worlds when he is able to see the balance of the two worlds; how he will return to Hogwarts once summer is over and that he can use his magic in his favor against the Dursleys. Harrys Freedom to Live is derived from him surviving two separate confrontations with Voldemort; leading him to lose his fear of death, which in turn, allows him to live life with freedom. Even though he yearns to be back at Hogwarts and away from the Muggle World, hes found the balance that allows him to live freely there. Word Count: 2477

Nonviolent movement

There is a wide-spread conception in the theory of nation-building that violence is an ultimate way to express disagreement and overcome injustice as well as fight a dictatorship. But the last century has proven the fallaciousness of this conception. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela and Dalai Lama and many others have shown that nonviolence can be more powerful force in defeating oppressive rulers and laws. Their lives and actions are examples how oppressors or unjust legislation may be defied by the force of word and soul rather than by the force of weapons. Gene Sharp summarizes the effectiveness of nonviolent actions with such words: â€Å"nonviolent action is possible, and is capable of wielding great power even against ruthless rulers and military regimes, because it attacks the most vulnerable characteristic of all hierarchical institutions and governments: dependence on the governed† (p. 18).Nonviolent action is an application of a very simple t ruth: people do not always do what they are told to do, and sometimes they do that which has been forbidden. When people refuse their cooperation, withhold their help, and persist in their disobedience and defiance, they do this to deny their opponents the basic human assistance and cooperation which any government or hierarchical system requires. If they do this collectively through their established independent social institutions or newly improvised groupings for a sufficient period of time, the power of that government will weaken and potentially dissolve.The world history has witnessed the cases when nonviolent means have been chosen over violence for religious or ethical reasons. In some cases, even when pragmatic political considerations were dominant in the choice of nonviolent struggle, the movement has taken on certain religious or ethical overtones. This was the case in the campaigns of the Indian National Congress for independence from Britain in the 1920s, 1930s, and 19 40s. Those struggles, often under Gandhi’s leadership, and also the civil rights campaigns in the 1950s and 1960s in the Deep South of the United States, under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., are very important.Mohandas Karamchand  Gandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, is the first name that comes to mind when one speaks of nonviolence in the 20th century. His charisma and his action not only had a profound effect on India’s modern history, but also provided firm basis for all future nonviolent struggles in the world. Gandhi’s political philosophy revolved around three key concepts: satyagraha (non-violence), sawaraj (home rule), and sarvodaya (welfare of all). Whereas satyagraha was essentially a tactic of achieving political ends by non-violent means, sawaraj and sarvodaya sought to encourage ideas of individual and collective improvement and regeneration. Such regeneration, Gandhi insisted, was necessary if India was to rediscover her enduring historical and religious self and throw off British rule. (Andrews, 1949)Perhaps Gandhi’s best-known act of civil disobedience, known as the second satyagraha (‘hold fast to the truth’) was Salt March that was taking place in 1930 from  12 March to 6 April. It expressed increasing frustration by Congress at its own impotence and, specifically, the British refusal to grant Dominion status to India. Gandhi chose the hated salt tax as the object of his campaign. At the time, the Indian government maintained a monopoly over the manufacture of salt, an essential basic commodity which was thus heavily taxed. Those using their own salt, e.g. if they were living close to the sea, were subject to heavy punishment.The 61-year-old Mahatma started the 240-mile-long march from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi together with seventy-eight of his followers. He was joined by thousands along the way, in a march that received vast international and national attention. When the protesters marched on to a government salt depot, he was arrested, as were between 60,000 and 90,000 other Indians in subsequent months, as well as the entire Congress leadership. Gandhi was released and called off the campaign in March 1931 following the Gandhi–Irwin Pact, which allowed Gandhi to participate in the second Round Table Conference, and symbolically permitted the production of salt for domestic consumption.From the 1920s to early 1940s, he led a series of passive resistance campaigns in pursuit of Swaraj, which redefined the character of Indian nationalism. He sought tolerance between Hindus and Muslims and the eradication of caste untouchability. In January 1948 he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic for his pro-Muslim sympathies. Gandhi’s insistence that means were more important than the ends distinguished him from other great political leaders of the twentieth century.Since his death Gandhi has become the source of inspiration for non-violent poli tical movements such as the Civil Rights Movement in the USA. Desmond Tutu in the article A Force More Powerful a Century of Nonviolent Conflict rightfully points out: â€Å"The leaders who opted for nonviolent weapons often learned from resistance movements of the past. Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi was inspired by the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other African American leaders traveled to India to study Gandhi’s tactics.† (Tutu, 2000) Non-cooperation was a major tactic employed by Gandhi when he felt the state had become immoral or unjust. In the King movement, such action was called boycott, the most effective nonviolent tactic employed in the movement to abolish discrimination in public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama.The justification for such action lies in the fact that rejection is as much of an action as acceptance. Thus, King, like Gandhi, while emphasizing the necessity of courage, utilized the boycott to achieve rejection of unjust laws regulating public transportation and public lunch counters. The net effect of the various expressions of the nonviolent protest, especially the boycott, strike, demonstration and jail, was to draw one’s opponent off balance, hoping thereby to change his mind. (Smith, p.58) Nonviolence, therefore, was not a sign of weakness or of a lack of courage. Quite the contrary, King believed that only the strong and courageous person could be nonviolent. He advised persons not to get involved in the civil rights struggle unless they had the strength and the courage to stand before people full of hate and to break the cycle of violence by refusing to retaliate.King just as Gandhi emphasized the need to prepare for action. The Civil Rights Movement initiated by Martin Luther King, Jr. succeeded in mobilizing massive nonviolent direct action. Innovative tactics included economic boycotts, beginning with the yearlong boycott of a bus company in Montgomery, Alabama, begun in December 1955 and led by Martin Luther King, Jr.; sit-in demonstrations; and mass marches, including a massive mobilization of whites and blacks in the August 1963 March on Washington, which culminated in King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech, and protest marches led by King that met with police violence in Selma, Alabama, in January 1965.The goal of these protests was to overthrow the entire system of racial segregation and to empower African Americans by seizing the franchise. Participants of the Civil Rights Movement were often beaten and brutalized by southern law enforcement officials, and thousands were arrested and jailed for their protest activities. Some leaders and participants were killed.Nevertheless, an endless stream of highly visible confrontations in the streets, which contrasted the brutality and the inhumanity of the white segregationists with the dignity and resolve of black protesters, made the cause of black civil rights the major i ssue in the United States for over a decade during the 1950s and 1960s. The nation and its leaders were forced to decide publicly whether to grant African Americans their citizenship rights or to side with white segregationists who advocated racial superiority and the undemocratic subjugation of black people.In conclusion it would be relevant to provide a brief revision of the similarity and differences the detection of which was purpose of this analysis. The parallels between Gandhi and Martin Luther King are self-evident. This preliminary look at Gandhi and King’s activity gives us the understanding that nonviolent movement cannot be limited by time frames or specific location. It rather needs a leader with strong character, resilience and ability to persuade people. The two leaders preferred nonviolence at a time when their people were being oppressed. Both struggled against the yoke of white oppression. Like Gandhi, King valued the power of nonviolent political action in keeping with the spirit of Gandhi’s satyagraha. King’s role in organizing the Montgomery bus boycott enabled him to emerge as the creator of a strategy of civil disobedience that earned for the civil-rights movement in the United States unprecedented media coverage, new forms of public recognition, and greater access to political power.Though both agreed that nonviolence is successful tactics on condition that every individual is committed to truth and justice, Gandhi tended to lay stress upon the necessity of personal suffering when participating in nonviolent movement, an attitude that to some extent was less aggressive than King’s emphasis on self-sacrifice. Moreover, Gandhi claimed that to achieve the goals through nonviolence one needs patience and non-cooperation and King believed that it is a certain degree of confrontation that is necessary to accomplish change. One more difference between Gandhi and King lies in the paradigm of their activity.While Gand hi was concerned about social injustice suffered by Indian people, King’s concerns bore upon racial discrimination of African Americans in the USA. And probably the most striking difference is the result of their struggle. While Martin Luther King’s ideas after his death were followed through by his followers and found an echo in common American’s heart, Gandhi was criticized that his tactics unnecessarily delayed the departure of the British, precipitated the partition of India, and led to the Hinduization of Congress because of his over-emphasis on religion. Few of Gandhi’s ideas were put into practice by independent India.While both of them deserve respect and admiration, it is possible to recognize that their approaches to the practice of nonviolence later grew strong one as opposition, the other as protest. Gandhi and King help us to believe that peaceful resolution of a conflict will live up to its promise.References:Andrews, C. F. Mahatma Gandhiâ⠂¬â„¢s Ideas.   London: Allen & Unwin, 1949McCarthy, R. and Sharp, G., eds., Nonviolent Action: A Research Guide. New York, 1997Sharp, G. The Role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle. Monograph Series, No. 3. The Albert Einstein Institution, 1990Smith, Kenneth and Zepp, Ira. Search for the Beloved Community: The Thinking of Martin Luther King. Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1974.Tutu, Desmond. â€Å"A Force More Powerful a Century of Nonviolent Conflict†. Social Education. (64):5, 2000

B.F. Skinner Theories of Language Development

language development is an important aspect of children's early development as it enhances the sense of belonging, develops confidence, gives them autonomy and independence as they start to grow. Also, it helps them to communicate, interact and associate with others in the society and therefore meet the need of the required cultural customs of the regions they live in. According to B. F Skinner theories, this development is strongly dependent on the environment of the child existence with learning and reinforcement forming the core aspect of this early development (William & Ferguson, 2001).His theories indicate that new skills are attained either through operant or classical conditioning to the child thereby deepening the effects that these conditions have on the immediate environment of the child. Responses that are positively reinforced are easily repeated while those that are punished recur less often in the child language and response development (David & Carl, 2004). Although s kinner's theories are seen to take less consideration of the inherent ability of the child to develop language to itself, they have been effectively applied to many children all over the world.Consequent researches indicate that the immediate environment plays the main role in a child's language development which is the key to future success at all times. Autistic children have difficulties in understanding the language, learning how to interact with others and may be characterized by unusual repetitive movements. Skimmer theories require that stimulation is used on these children for their language development to improve. Autistic children training through positive and negative reinforcement have indicated improved levels of comprehension to their responses and sound development.Early stages operant conditioning As skinner theories suggest, language deficient autistic children requires more attention from their early stages of development compared to others. The family members and the mothers especially must dedicate high attention to them with the aim of assisting their language development (William & Ferguson, 2001). During the crying and cooing stage, it is hard to establish the children that are autisic but keen mothers can be able to tell if their children are deficient.Caregivers therefore, must assess and try to understand the child for early assistance to be availed thereby reducing late language development. The basic communication essence of the baby may be different and the mother must adopt the correct rhythm to understand the child and making it comfortable. David & Carl (2004) notes that, crying changes with age as the child progresses while cooing starts at the age of six months. The voluntary behavior at this stage is therefore highly improved with the child being able to associate with specific aspects and people.Delayed presentation and early generalization should be slowly adopted by the mother and the immediate early caregivers to the chil d (William & Ferguson, 2001). Use of negative and positive reinforcement William & Ferguson (2001) argues that immediately after babbling, the parents and the caregivers should have fully understood the child status and then subject him to specific stimulus related to the most recurrent events like eating, suckling and his immediate people familiar to him.Teachers and caregivers should reduce the number of words and also minimize the rate of introduction of new words to the child. Increased personalized attention must be encouraged for the child to comprehend the new establishment necessary for his language development. Reinforcing stimulus should also be associated with the duration of time the child is taking to understand different aspects of the language (Wilma & Pauline, 2000). Negative reinforcement increases the concentration for the child and reduces his unresponsiveness to different aspects relating to his requirements.The child easily identifies with the environment he is based in and with advanced reinforcement, he may be able to increase his ability to identify more people apart from his mother. Besides, positive reinforcement should also be slowly introduced with care to gauge the child responsiveness to the different stimulus that relate to his immediate surrounding (David & Carl, 2004). Generalization and follow up. Children acquire the linguistic competences when they have access to languages environment either at home, school or playing with other children.The cultural organized activities serve as acquisition support system for the autisic child (Jeanine & Tony, 2007). Community and early childhood supporters must start from the general aspect of the child to the specific understanding where the child can be able to communicate freely with the rest of the people. They act as the mediators to the child language where self regulation based on the observed feedback is used to determine the progress (Wilma & Pauline, 2000).Though the phonology of the child may take longer compared to other children, pronunciation, intonation and rules for combining syllables consequently develop with this assistance. Others may have more difficulty with the semantics especially for combined sentences. As indicated earlier, the efforts should be based on the basis of the immediate environment and more reinforcement emphasized for faster development. The motherese assistance should be extended even after the babies have exceeded the age for intensive care and support from the mother and the caregivers.Training and assessment. According to William & Ferguson (2001), autisic children requires more assistance through training for their language to fully develop and be able to communicate comfortably with others. The child having grown and being attended to by his teachers, the extended mands are important for the child to achieve higher levels of understanding during it's later development. The teachers therefore, must comprehend the child condi tion and increase the personal assistance in the quest for this development.Assessment at this stage assist the caregivers and the trainers to understand the level of the child response in relation to different aspects that surround him. To add to that, reinforcement should be heightened to raise the child response and intrigue it's ability for better comprehension. Turn about strategy should be employed especially for the children with severe autisic conditions. The subjects should be changed for the child to comprehend issues and language commands.Playing mode should be increased to assist the child to easily comprehend interconnections between personality, emotions and other requirements of interaction in the society faster (Jeanine & Tony, 2007). Behavior modification. Advancements are attained with the child's mental development with time and therefore, the caregivers and the society should increase the call for behavior modification in the child response and language progress. Previously, negative reinforcement are employed with punishment being associated to the wrong actions.Modification calls for shift in the application of the reinforcement mode for the children where good actions are encouraged through positive reinforcement that are healthier by providing the child with appropriate behavioral guidelines. This method benefits the child and the parents as well as the society where the impacts related to the children behavior are positive. Autisic children respond faster and positively to the positive behavioral modifications application and may serve to increase their ability to fully develop their language (David & Carl, 2004).People in the immediate surrounding of the child, must however conform to the positive reinforcement method to reduce confusion to the child. Jeanine & Tony (2007) notes that, new ideologies and language aspects are been easy to learn for the child at this stage due to changes in the approach mode and application of the positi ve reinforcement. However, skinner theories do not address clearly how deprivation is related to reinforcement in the child language development especially for the children with language learning disabilities.Identification of these reinforcement have lacked the the accuracy and completeness which establishes the beginning and the exact ending period of the process. Also, reinforcement should include simplistic and widely applicable procedures with the autisic children requiring specific directional and circumstantial application of the theories (Wilma & Pauline, 2000). Conclusion. As supported by the paper, application of the Skinner's theories is highly effective for the autisic children in developing their language for their communication and easier relationship with the society.Through understanding of the process, the immediate caregivers of the child must assist the autisic child to develop the language faster. The child entirely depends on them and the society in the latter y ears for language and other physical development. Assistance to the child must be extended to the immediate teachers who handle the child and the change of negative reenforcement to the positive one (William & Ferguson, 2001). Environment of the child especially the immediate children, caregivers and the society are required to offer maximum support to the child for better and faster development of his language.Finally, Cooperation of the people in the society is ac core part of the language development and their participation is of great importance for these children to develop their language with ease. References. David, P. & Carl, C. (2004). Behavior Analysis and Learning. Washington. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jeanine, M. & Tony, D. (2007). Models of Teaching: Connecting Student Learning with Standards. New York. Sage. William, T. & Ferguson, K. (2001). The Psychology of B. F. Skinner. New York: Sage. Wilma, V. & Pauline , L. (2000). Handbook on Child Development. New York. Th omson Learning Nelson.

When -OT is [ət]

When -OT is [É™t] When -OT is [É™t] When -OT is [É™t] By Maeve Maddox In reading some instructions for building a 3-tier strawberry bed, I came across the word spiget. At first I thought it was some specialized gardening term. Then I figured out that the writer was referring to a spigot. Spigot is one of several English words in which the spelling -ot is pronounced [É™t] at the end of the word. spigot [spÄ ­gÉ™t] faucet, like the one your tap water comes out of, or the one you attach your garden hose to. It also refers to the projection on a cask or box of wine that the liquid comes through. bigot (bÄ ­gÉ™t) originally a religious fanatic, but now any person characterized by obstinate, intolerant, or strongly partisan beliefs (OED). In cruising the web I came across the expression bigot spigot. Apparently the term has been coined to describe purveyors of intolerant partisan opinion. faggot, fagot [fÄÆ'gÉ™t] both spellings are seen, but the first is more common. The word is used with various meanings. The original meaning is a bundle of sticks. Now it is also used to refer to a bundle of herbs. The word became associated with religious heretics because bundles of sticks were used to burn them at the stake. To fry a faggot was to burn a heretic. Before faggot became a derogatory term for a homosexual, it was used as an insulting term for a woman: Urry up wi that glass o beer, you lazy faggot! (example from OED) maggot (mÄÆ'gÉ™t) fly larva. There is an English word spelled magot, but it is pronounced [mÄÆ'-gÃ… ] and refers either to a type of ape or to a fanciful, often grotesque figurine in the Japanese or Chinese style rendered in a crouching position (answers.com). Some other examples: ballot, carrot, idiot, parrot, pilot, riot, and zealot. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†What to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

John Marshal Essays - 6th United States Congress, Marbury V. Madison

John Marshal Essays - 6th United States Congress, Marbury V. Madison John Marshal Blake Zuckerman Period 1 History Did the Supreme Court Under John Marshal have a significant impact on American history? John Marshall was born in 1755. He was the 4th chief justice of the U.S Supreme Court of Virginia for 34 years. (encyclopedia.com/articles/08102.html) He was a federalist who believed that the U.S should have a powerful central government. Marshall defended the U.S. constitution, and did not trust the Jeffersonians because he felt it was his duty to protect the government. Many of his conclusions and decisions were drawn from three major cases, which were: Fletcher vs. Peck, Marbury vs. Madison and McCulloch vs. Maryland. (http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/jmarshal/marsh.htm) He had a great impact on getting the people to respect the Supreme Court, which later gave him the nickname Great Chief Justice. He had a great positive impact on the Supreme Court, but mostly on the judicial system. (http://history1700s.about/aa022198.htm?iam=ask&terms=) Below I will describe any significant information needed about John Marshall and about some of the major cases. The case Marbury vs. Madison was brought to attention by William Marbury. He ordered James Madison to give him his commission as justice of the peace. (Madison was the secretary of the state at the time.) In this case Marshall favored Marbury. Marshall argued that the court might rule an act of congress unenforceable if the act goes against the constitution. From this Marshall made the Doctrine of Judicial Power. (http://history1700s.about/aa022198.htm?iam=ask&terms=) One of the significant cases Marshall dealt with was the case of McCulloch vs. Maryland. That case occurred in 1819, and showed that Marshall could use the constitution wisely and to his advantage. It is about how Maryland tried to force the Bank of the United States out of its territory by taxing it. Marshall favored McCulloch and backed him up with the statement that no state had the right to hinder or control any national institution established within its borders (quote from article III of the Articles of Confederation). (encyclopedia.com/) From this, Marshall established the doctrine of judicial view. (www.law.cornell.edu) The constitution was very helpful in supporting the federal government for Marshall. There was also the famous case, of Fletcher vs. Peck in 1810. In this Marshall made the law that states that the Constitution protects against interference from the states. This case was the first time that the court declared a state law unconstitutional. (World Book Encyclopedia, book 13, pg. 230) In conclusion I think I think Marshall made a very significant impact on American society while under the Supreme Court. There were many more things that he did to change our country. Some of those helped build freedom of speech, criminal law, civil rights, and many more. Marshall helped make what our country is today. I doubt anyone can look at what he did over his 34 years as a Chief Justice and say he didnt make a great impact on American history. Bibliography 1. encyclopedia.com/articles/08102.html (March 1, 2000) 2. http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/B/jmarshal/marsh.htm (March 1, 2000) 3. http://history1700s.about/aa022198.htm?iam=ask&terms=) (March 1, 2000) 4. apva.org/apva/john.html (March 1, 2000) 5. www.encyclopedia.com (March 1, 2000)

Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends Assignment

Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends - Assignment Example The paper "Contemporary Fashion Marketing Trends" analyzes the trends of the Contemporary Fashion. This paper explores the contemporary fashion marketing trends that will be prominent in the next 5 years, particularly in the global fashion industry. Over the next five years, some fashion trends will be influential, especially in the international platform. They will be influential in the sense that technology will play a key role in all aspects of fashion marketing. In essence, the digitization of the fashion marketing industry will revolutionize the industry in the sense that most customers will get the latest fashion updates via online platforms. Although technology has revolutionized the fashion industry on a significant scale, the next five years will see the globalization of the fashion industry. Customers and prospective customers will receive all the information that they require through digital platforms. The contemporary fashion industry players will also conduct most of the ir marketing via digital platforms in order to reach a global clientele. Social network will be more influential in the fashion industry in the next five years that it is today. When it comes to sustainability, the contemporary fashion marketing is set to evolve in line with the highly dynamic world and fashion market. As the world advanced into the 21st century, more industries, including the fashion industry, are becoming environmentally conscious. It means that any contemporary or future fashion marketing.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example In order to ensure that the production process is strategically aligned to the supply chain, it must be aligned to market demand. For this reason, organizations undertake the process of production planning and scheduling which involves optimizing the output level. This is the output level that takes into account sales and production capacities of the company. Production planning and scheduling enables the management to organize the production facilities in such a manner that they are able to capitalize upon customer wants and market demand to the highest possible extent (Grimson and Pyke 325). Because customer wants change and market demand fluctuates, production has to be flexible. For this reason production planning and scheduling is a key success factor when it comes to building and maintaining a competitive supply chain. As mentioned before, production involves a transformation process from raw materials to finished goods. Production involves managing this transformation in such a manner that production capacities are capitalized upon to the best extent possible taking into account market demand. For this reason, production planning and scheduling are related to strategic decisions. ... Therefore the management has to invest in production equipment that not only incorporates the latest technology, but can also produce goods according to total quality management. Production planning and scheduling enables the management to meet the objective of maintaining state-of-the-art production facilities which can meet market expectations. Production ensures product availability according to forecasted sales. When the customer order is received, the production process must start immediately. Production planning ensures that the required production capabilities are maintained in the long term. Production scheduling ensures that the optimum volume of output is available in order to maximize the profitability of the company. Supply Supply can be defined as the process of defining the balance between capacity and quality. When considering supply, the management must assess whether the production facilities are able to maintain product quality that maximizes company profitability. As mentioned before, the production process must occur according to market demand. This ensures product availability. However this incorporates quality as well. This is taken into account in supply considerations. In this case, the management considers whether the company’s production facilities can meet the quality requirements economically. If it takes too much investment to ensure quality, then this drives up the cost of supply and therefore profitability is reduced. So considering supply forces the management to take into account the production capacity for ensuring product availability at the lowest possible cost. As mentioned before, production is the transformation from raw

Comparison of Models Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison of Models - Research Paper Example It is noteworthy that the major differences between psychological and multicausal models of addiction are based on their varied beliefs on the causes of addiction. Psychological model of addiction, which derives its understanding from a number psychological models key among them being psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud, the behavioural and cognitive theories of psychotherapy. Psychological model asserts that addiction is motivated by psychological distress. In other words, this model of addiction is based on the belief that addiction is because of repression and unconscious mental processes (Raymond, 1998). Addiction in this sense is just a secondary problem as psychological problems takes precedence. This means that addiction is only a coping mechanism as at seeks to create an illusion of comfort away from internal conflicts in an individual’s life. For instance, Sigmund view all forms of addiction as a substitute for primitive sexual urges, which brings about an internal conflict and intensified guilt that is reengineered by an addiction cycle. Psychological model emphasizes on the intrinsic drives especially cognitive which motivate people to develop a cycle of drug use and dependence (Raymond, 1998). For instance, individuals are seen to develop a tendency of using drugs as form of self-medication to internal conflicts brought about by dysfunctional thought patterns. In other words, addiction personality is real and it is experienced constantly owing to the fact that it is used as a coping mechanism against stirred up emotions, traumatic experiences, sexual issues, fears, negative relationships, feeling of powerlessness. A number of things that individuals try to self medicate have been categorised into four groups and they include difficulty in self-care, the expression of emotions, troubled relationships and low

Academia and Text Matching Software Essay Example for Free

Academia and Text Matching Software Essay Critically evaluate the use of text matching software as an aid to developing good scholarship practice Introduction Academic dishonesty such as plagiarism has been a major factor in education that has affected students’ success and academic achievements in recent years. Plagiarism according to Park (2003) is the act of appropriating or copying another person’s work and passing them on as one’s idea without acknowledging the original source. Park (2003) noted that plagiarism is a growing problem and has been a misuse of the writings of another author, their ideas, hypothesis, theories, research findings and interpretations. Furthermore studies by Chao, Wilhelm and Neureuther (2009) emphasised that the rising trend of plagiarism among students can be attributed to several factors such as academic literacy, language competence and the technological advancements in the world today in terms of high speed internet facility available in hostels and computer labs. These factors according to Chao, Wilhelm and Neureuther (2009) has enhanced the ability of students to plagiarise a whole assignment by obtaining papers on the internet relating to their assignments which is as easy as copying and pasting. Park (2003) stated that students have different perceptions towards plagiarism. He noted that students view plagiarism as a minor offence which is different from cheating in exams. He further discovered that plagiarism could be unintentional (ibid). This is because some students possess a mental illusion in which they believe they have produced something from their own perspective while infact they are reproducing something which they have read from another author. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the effect of text matching software as an aid to developing good scholarship practice. This paper will begin by briefly describing what good scholarship practise is. In addition the use of text matching software for detecting good scholarship practice will be critically discussed and a conclusion will be made based on the evaluation. Good scholarship practice can be referred to as a formal study which involves academic learning and achievement. It involves acknowledging where information used to support ideas in a particular context is gotten and citing the sources (Locke and Latham, 2009). Britag and Mahmud (2009) pointed out that different strategies whichinclude the use of electronic software tools such as turnitin have been derived for detecting plagiarism with the intent of allowing students’ take responsibility of their learning and also work hand in hand with their tutors in the drafting stages of their assignments. According to Britag and Mahmud (2009) manual detection of plagiarism is difficult because it is time consuming and this is the reason why some tutors are reluctant in pursuing potential cases of plagiarism. However both the manual method of plagiarism detection and the electronic text matching method should be employed (Britag and Mahmud, 2009). Scaife (2007) argued that the electronic text matching software is not the solution to eliminating plagiarism because the software only focuses on text matching of paper under review with documents (journals, articles, e-books and conference papers) found on the internet or which has been previously submitted and this is a limitation because the only detection are focused on electronic materials without considering some non-electronic paper based documents which could still be plagiarised. Walker (2010) stated that with the development of text matching software such as the turnitin plagiarism detection was made easier, however he emphasised that the turnitin detection software is not 100 per cent efficient, it merely identifies and matches materials present in a document uploaded to turnitin website to materials available on the internet. Walker (2010) describes the electronic text matching software as a tool only suitable for detecting word for word or direct plagiarism in electronic form and the refined ones from the paper based sources are not easily detected. Moreover Carroll and Appleton (2001) argued that the turnitin is just an option for measuring plagiarism and that alone cannot be used as a basis for judging good scholarship practice. In addition Carroll and Appleton (2001) insist that the use of electronic software for detecting plagiarism requires human application and interpretation and that using turnitin alone as a medium for plagiarism detection is not proficient. According to Barrett and Malcolm (2006) the electronic text matching software (turnitin) only indicates possible plagiarism without any certainty, it is left to the tutor to determine the extent to which the writer has plagiarised or included some sources in the paper without acknowledging where they were acquired. In conclusion the concept of plagiarism cannot be overemphasised. It has become a factor that has affected good academic scholarship practice and has  created an avenue for educators to develop methods for detecting and dealing with plagiarism. The development of the electronic detection software such as the turnitin has enhanced the detection of plagiarism however it cannot be relied upon completely because it is not effective. In addition it is important to understand that the best way to detect plagiarism is to use both the manual method which involves educators and the use of electronic text matching software such as turnitin. Students could also be assisted in understanding the criteria for academic writing such as the code of conducts which requires them to acknowledge any source from where data is derived when writing academically. References Barrett, R. Malcolm, J. (2006) Embedding plagiarism education in the assessment process, International Journal for Educational Integrity, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 38-45. Bretag, T. and Mahmud, S. (2009) A model for determining student plagiarism: Electronic detection and academic judgement. , Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 50-60. Chao, C. , Wilhelm, W. J. , Neureuther, B. D. (2009. ) A Study of Electronic Detection and Pedagogical Approaches for Reducing Plagiarism, The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 31-42. Carroll, J. and Appleton, J. (2001), Plagiarism: A good practice guide, Oxford: Oxford Brookes University. Locke, E. A, Latham, G. P (2009) Has Goal Setting Gone Wild, or Have Its Attackers Abandoned Good Scholarship? , The Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp.  17-23. Park, C. (2003). In Other (People’s) Words: plagiarism by university students—literature and lessons, Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 472-488. Scaife, B (2007) IT Consultancy Plagiarism Detection Software Report for JISC Advisory Service. [Online]. Retrieved from:www. plagiarismadvice. org/documents/resources/PDReview-Reportv1_5. pdf [Accessed 24th October 2012]. Walker, J. (2010) Measuring plagiarism: researching what students do, not what they say they do, Studies in Higher Education, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 41-59.

3 Areas of Exploration :: Drama

3 Areas of Exploration Hot-Seating ----------- Hot-Seating is where the audience asks you questions about your character. This technique is important in drama because it really makes you concentrate on the character that you are playing. You have to know your characters background & what type of person he/she is. Which in turn helps move your work forward, because you know more about your character Thought Tracking ---------------- Thought Tracking is where your character speaks his/her thoughts to the audience. This technique is important in drama because it reveals what a character is thinking without other characters, in the piece, knowing. For example: Luke: Are you coming out later? Steve: ok then. (Aside) Though I suppose I’ll be paying again. (To Luke) See you at 7. Forum-theatre ------------- Forum theatre is where a scene is enacted & watched by the rest of the group & at any point in the drama any actor/actress can stop the scene to ask to make a suggestion or can join in by suggesting a new role or take over an existing role. This technique is important in drama because it helps get ideas & move your scene forward. Midsummer nights dream Vs Staying Lost Introduction ------------ These two plays are different in every way. On one hand we’ve got a romantic comedy, midsummer nights dream, which deals with four lovers & fairies & on the other we’ve got a serious piece, staying lost, which deals with life’s issues. Similarities Both of the pieces had 3 different parts which came together at the end i.e. the teenage pregnancy, the unwanted child the rape story. Then at the end the 3 parts came together in a very effective scene where the victims behind a big gate & the other people were on the other side. The 3 parts in midsummer nights dream also came together at the end i.e. the lovers story, the fairies story & the workers story. Then at the end we all came together in a scene where the workers put on a play for the visitors. Another similarity is that we both pieces used thought tracking i.e. In staying lost in the pregnancy story when Carly was sitting on the stairs

Nursing Case Studies on COPD

In this reflective piece of writing I will be explaining how chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the patient physically, psychologically ,and socially ,I will also explain how the disease affects his daily routine and how it impacts on his family life. I will give an overview of the clinical signs and symptoms, how the disease alters the pathphysiology of the lungs, and what these changes cause within the body. I will be using the reflective model â€Å"What, So What, Now What â€Å" (2007). The patient I have chosen to write about is a seventy year old male who has been married for nearly fifty years. He has two grown up sons, both married with children of their own. Mr Woods has Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease diagnosed ten years ago. Prior to this disease Mr Woods was a lifelong smoker, beginning at the age of fourteen years, smoking up to thirty cigarettes per day. Mr Woods condition has progressively worsened over the past few years, and he now requires home oxygen therapy. A patient was brought into the emergency department by the paramedics complaining of difficulty in breathing. On arrival he was tachypnoeic, had a respiratory rate thirty two and was found to have an audible wheeze. He stated that he had a productive cough and was expectorating green coloured sputum. The patient felt warm to touch. He looked pale, was sat upright, slightly leaning forward in a rigid posture on the ambulance stretcher. I was delegated the role of undertaking Mr Wood’s initial assessment, which included ensuring the patient was undressed ready for examination by a doctor, and also carrying out a baseline set of observations. I was happy to undertake this task, because I had the required training, skills and was deemed competent to carry out the necessary care required to look after Mr Woods. The nurse in charge informed me of Mr Woods medical history prior to me entering the cubicle, including what had precipitated his attendance to the emergency department which on that particular day had been his worsening shortness of breath. On entering the cubicle, I helped Mr Woods get undressed and into a hospital gown because any slight exertion made him more short of breath. I carried out a baseline set of observations. His blood pressure was 165/95, he had a pulse rate of 125 beats per minute, a temperature of 38. c, a respiratory rate of 32, on 2 litres of oxygen his saturation level was 88%, and his blood glucose level was 4. 4mmol/l. Although some of these observations are not within ‘normal’ range, for a person with COPD some of these observations maybe acceptable because the disease affects the path physiology of the lungs. The airways leading to the lungs, the bronchi, become inflamed. The inflamed airways produce too much mucus (sputum) which can lead to a p ersistent cough, wheeze and increasing shortness of breath. This happens because the air sacs (alveoli) become overstretched, rupture and merge which causes them to lose their elasticity. This causes the oxygen absorbing surfaces to be reduced, and with the narrowing of the airways gas exchange is less efficient (Parker, 2009). The lungs over inflate which reduces the air volume moving in and out of the lungs which can lead to tachypnoea (abnormally rapid rate of breathing), breathlessness on exertion, respiratory distress, abnormal posture I. e. leaning forward to help open the airways (Nursing Standard, 2001). Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can have a tendency to have low oxygen saturation levels, usually around 88% on air. In healthy patients their levels are usually between 95%- 100%. COPD patients often need supportive treatment of 2 litres of oxygen to maintain oxygen saturations normally acceptable for that specific patient. However oxygen therapy higher than 2 litres may cause their carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to rise (Abrahams, 2009). As Mr Woods COPD had progressively worsened he had been commenced on home oxygen which he uses throughout most of the day. This helps him to undertake the most simplistic of daily activities of living. Mr Woods lives at home with his wife who, due to the impact of this disease on Mr Woods, has now become his main carer. She helps her husband with his daily activities such as washing, showering and preparing his meals. He needs help mobilising to the downstairs shower room, and, once there, needs assistance to get undressed. Whilst in the shower room Mr Woods needs to sit on a shower stool because he cannot manage to stand for any length of time due to breathlessness. He is also unable to walk upstairs because he gets short of breath on exertion so he has had a stair lift installed which enables him to go upstairs to bed. This enables Mr and Mrs Woods to fulfil both the physical and psychological aspects of their relationship. COPD can affect the psychological wellbeing of the sufferer. Before Mr Woods condition deteriorated he was able to go out, he used to enjoy going fishing with his sons and playing with his grandchildren. Because of his condition, Mr Woods is prone to feelings of inadequacy and depression. He also feels guilty because of his growing dependency on his wife for the simplest of daily tasks such as making a cup of tea or answering the door. Because of the growing demands of her husband’s worsening condition Mrs Woods now has to depend on other family members to facilitate her with tasks that Mr Woods can no longer undertake due to his COPD, and frequent visits to the hospital with recurrent chest infections. Whilst Mr Woods was in the emergency department it was my responsibility to make sure Mr Woods was comfortable and that his observations were done regularly and documented. I was happy to do this as I am deemed competent and have the required training to carry out these duties. I made sure Mr Woods was sitting upright as this would help him with his breathing by improving his lung capacity and making sure oxygen was prescribed by the doctor and administered via nasal cannulae as per trust policy. I noticed Mr Woods remained tachyponeic, so repeated his observations. Even though on 2 litres of oxygen his saturation levels still remained low so I informed the nurse in charge that Mr Woods observations remained unstable. A doctor was notified and the patient assessed which involved listening to his chest. The doctor then prescribed nebulisers, oral steroids and paracetamol. A chest x-ray was also requested. I had to ask a qualified member of staff to administer Mr Woods medication, because I am not qualified to dispense drugs to a patient as a student assistant practitioner as this does not fall within my scope of practice or within the boundaries of my role. I think the fact I know my limitations and boundaries make me a safe practitioner. I made sure I had documented Mr Woods observations and that I had informed the nurse in charge of his condition making sure that I had dated, timed and signed what I had written. I got my documentation countersigned by a qualified member of staff as stated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008). The doctor asked me to cannulate and take some blood from Mr Woods. I was comfortable with this request because I am qualified to undertake the task. I explained to Mr Woods that I needed to put a needle in his arm and take some blood and that I would be leaving the cannula in his arm for any medication his may require later. I put the equipment together that I needed to cannulate, making sure that it was on a clean trolley and that I had a sharps bin. I then washed my hands, put on my apron and gloves following universal precautions. I then proceeded to cannulate Mr Woods explaining everything I was doing throughout the procedure. Once the cannula was in I disposed of my sharp in the sharps bin and put my dirty equipment in the clinical waste and then washed my hands. Mr Woods was then taken for his x-ray. Once labelled I then gave the blood to the doctor to send of to the path lab. I then filled in the cannulation documentation form as per hospital trust policy. I was pleased that I managed to get the cannula in on my first attempt because Mr Woods had terrible veins and I did not like the thought of having to put him through the procedure again as it can be quite painful and distressing. Mr Woods x-ray showed he had a chest infection for which he was prescribed intravenous antibiotics. Mr Woods was then transferred to the Medical Assessment Unit for further treatment by the medical doctors. Reflecting back I believe I have developed my knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reading articles, text books and trust policies on COPD has allowed my to enhance my ability to recognise when patients are clinically unwell and have the confidence to highlight these abnormalities to the relevant members of the multidisciplinary team I. e. the nurse in charge and doctor, so the patient can be managed promptly and appropriately. Also the information I gained from talking to Mr Woods was invaluable in allowing me to gain insight and therefore a greater understanding of how the disease affected not only the patient but also his family on a day to day basis. Witnessing first hand the debilitating affects the disease process has on an individual such as Mr Woods and his family left me feeling a little sad due to the fact that my role as a student assistant practitioner limited my involvement in his treatment. Having been the first member of staff to attend to Mr Woods on his arrival to the department and to have spent time developing a therapeutic relationship with him I felt that involving another member of staff to carry out an aspect of care may make him question my abilities to look after him as I could not administer his medication. I could address this issue by explaining to the patient that my role as student assistant practitioner does not allow me to give medication but explain that I am competent in carrying out all other aspects of care. Developing my existing knowledge on the psychological and physiological affects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has been consolidated by caring for a patient that has attended the emergency department with this chronic long term condition. Extending my knowledge base on this condition and the long term effects it can have on the individual will ensure that I treat each patient on their needs rather than just on their condition. Also looking back on this assessment I believe I acted professionally, promptly and efficiently. I feel I carried out my duties to a high standard of care within the boundaries of my role as a student assistant practitioner which in turn enabled Mr Woods to receive the treatment and medication he required to ensure the best possible outcome. Looking after Mr Woods has shown that I can work effectively as a member of the multidisciplinary team. I am able to assess, implement and evaluate my care which has enabled other members of staff to witness my holistic and high level of care delivery within the emergency department. I believe this can benefit not only the patients attending the department but also help develop my role within the team.